Hi JP, you can use spices, etc. if you're going to do a dark rum for the love of god do not use black strap as a sweetener. Use fancy molasses. The difference in grade is night and day.
For your cooker, have you tried a caustic/alkaline solution? I'll do that at 140F and let it sit for awhile beofer conventional cleaning means and a deep rinse. that should eat all your organic matter and soften it up quite a bit.
Disregarding legal ramifications, leaving the barrel exposed to the raw weather (rain snow, etc.) would ruin wood and I wouldn't be surprised if you lost the contents to weathering damage rather quickly.